自然灾害适应性研究进展

摘要

Development stages of adaptation,multiple attribute and analysis on definition of adaptation,model and method of adaptation analysis and research progress of natural disaster adaptation at home and abroad are re-viewed.Research methods of adaptation are mainly of two kinds:case analysis and mathematical model.It is shown that studies on the adaptation in the field of natural disasters focuses mainly on social economy response,es-pecially the adaptation decision of farms (farmers)scale and risk perception,less on adaptation evaluation and study from the aspect of natural disaster system.Most of the evaluations of adaptation in the field of disasters exist as part of vulnerability assessment.Adaptation study should first make clear of spatial scales for different adaptive indicators are used in different scales.Adaptation is a characteristic of small regions.Data constraints are greater when the scale is smaller,and sensitive degree of adaptation indicators in the comparison of basic units is needed to be considered when the scale is too large.%综述了适应性的发展阶段、适应性定义的多重属性和解析、适应性分析的模型和方法及国内外自然灾害适应性的研究进展。适应性的研究方法一般归为案例分析和数学模型两种。研究表明：国内外自然灾害领域的适应性研究主要侧重于社会经济的响应，尤其是农场（农户）尺度的适应决策和风险感知，然而，从自然灾害系统角度的适应性评价研究比较少。适应性在灾害领域的评价案例多作为脆弱性评价的一部分而存在。适应性研究首先要明确空间尺度，不同尺度所使用的适应性指标各有不同。适应性是局地具有的特征，尺度过小数据制约就越大，尺度过大需要考虑基本单元之间比较所用到的适应性指标灵敏程度。