Objective To observe the clinical course of isolated premature thelarche ( IPT) in female infants under two years of age. Methods A total of 74 female infants with IPT,who visited the Department of Endocrinology in Beijing Children’s Hospital from Feb. 2011 to Dec. 2011, were followed up for 5 years. Results Twelve cases were lost to follow-up, 83. 78% (62/74) cases completed the 5 years follow-up. For total 74 cases, the median age was 63. 50 months (38. 86, 70. 33), the median duration of follow-up was 54. 9 months (21. 75, 56. 33). The median age of premature thelarche was 9. 02 months (5. 67, 14. 07). Within the duration of 25 months, the velocity of relief was faster. At the end of the last visit, 96. 77% ( 60/62) premature thelarche was relieved to Tanner I, the median relief age was 30. 72 months (24. 54, 35. 89);According to the age of onset, all cases were divided into two groups:classical and non-classical IPT, compared with their relief rate of premature thelarche, there was no significant difference. During 5 years follow-up, 2 cases had persistent thelarche and there was no evidence of developing into central precocious puberty. Conclusion Most isolated premature thelarche have a benign prognosis among female infants under 2 years old. A longitudinal follow-up study is necessary for isolated premature thelarche cases.%目的：观察女性婴幼儿单纯性乳房早发育( isolated premature thelarche,IPT)患者的临床转归。方法对2011年2月至2011年12月首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院内分泌门诊确诊为单纯性乳房早发育的74例2岁以下女婴幼儿患者进行临床随访,截至2016年2月共随访5年。结果74例患儿,失访12例,访视率为83．78%(62/74),末次访视的中位年龄为63．50个月(38．86,70．33),随访时间的中位数为54．9个月(21．75,56．33)。乳房发育出现的中位年龄为9．02个月(5．67,14．07)。经过5年随访,60例患儿乳房消退至TannerⅠ期,消退率达到96．77%,消退的中位年龄为30．72个月(24．54,35．89)；使用生存分析法分析数据后,发现病程在25个月以内,乳房发育的消退较为集中,且消退速度较快。按发病年龄是否≤6个月,将入组病例分为经典型及非经典型IPT两组,两组间乳房发育持续时间、消退比例差异均无统计学意义( P>0．05)。5年的随访过程中,有2例患儿乳房发育持续存在5年,但并无向中枢性性早熟转换的依据。暴露因素分析未发现与经典、非经典以及消退情况相关。结论2岁以下婴幼儿单纯性乳房早发育患儿预后大多呈现良性。病程25个月内乳房发育消退的速度较快,病程超过2年者需随访观察直至青春发育启动。
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