平台研究的流派、趋势与理论框架——基于文献计量和内容分析方法的诠释

摘要

平台成为产业实践中日益占据主导地位的组织形态.尽管对平台的理论研究不断增多,但对"平台情境"与"平台理论"的认识争议仍广泛存在,已成为制约该领域发展的重要问题.文章尝试整合文献计量和内容分析方法,在客观呈现国内外平台研究现状的基础上厘清这一争论.引文聚类分析表明平台研究脉络是经历了从产品开发平台、双边市场平台到战略创新平台的流派演进.虽然三大流派关注的研究议题、遵循的研究视角和采用的研究方法各异,但关键词共现分析表明流派间融合趋势明显.以平台研究在属性认识、核心议题和关系建模上是否达成共识为依据,文章发现"平台理论"正在形成.平台理论研究需抓住"多边架构"和"网络效应"两大关键特征,在加强理论对话基础上构建平台自身的理论框架.文章初步尝试构建起一个涵盖平台组织、平台生态和平台制度环境的三层次框架,结合中国平台经济发展的实际,提出未来可重点关注平台组织结构设计、平台生态系统治理和平台型制度创业等议题.%Platform has become the most popular organization form in the industrial practice.Despite increasing research on platform,controversies between platform context view and platform theory view remain,making the long-term development of plat-form research difficult.This paper uses the method of bibliometrics and content analysis to clarify the controversy by objectively com -bing and presenting the current situation of domestic and foreign platform research.The Citation Clustering Analysis shows that the platform research has evolved from the product development platform and two -sided market platform to the strategic innovation plat-form.Although the three major schools focus on the different issues,use different theoretical perspectives and research methods,the Co-word Analysis shows convergence of different schools.Based on the three judgments of"what is theory", platform attributes, platform issues and platform modeling,this paper finds that"platform theory"research academic community is forming.The future platform research should focus on the multi-sides architecture and network effect,and carry out dialogue with the classical theory for constructing its theory framework.This study attempts to build a three-layer framework of platform organization,platform ecosystem and platform institution environment.Based on the development of the industrial practice of China,the future research may focus on the platform of organizational boundaries,platform envelope strategy and business model innovation, platform enterprise innovation ecosystem management,platform organization-led institutional entrepreneurship and other research areas.