害虫遗传不育技术中致死基因的研究与应用

摘要

The sterile insect technique ( SIT) is a species-specific, environment-friendly, and highly effective tool for insect pest control. Currently, release of insects carrying a dominant lethal gene ( RIDL) is one of the most studied techniques that were devel-oped to enhance traditional SIT. A standard RIDL system includes a tet-off system, gene specific promoters, components involved in sex determination and the effective lethal genes. Specifically, selecting the proper lethal genes is a very important step that deter-mines both efficiency and stability of RIDL strain. The lethal genes can be repressible, or specifically expressed in females, or di-rectly cut the X chromosome, all of which way lead to repressible/embryo-specific/female-specific lethality of offspring. Here the studies and applications of cell death genes such as RHG family ( reapr, hid, grim, michelob x) , tetracycline transcriptional activa-tor ( tTA) , Nipp1Dm and homing endonuclease genes ( HEG) are reviewed. The function mechanism and application feature of cer-tain lethal genes are discussed. More research on the structural character and regulation pathway of important lethal genes are needed to further understand cell apoptosis, as well as the development of new tools for genetic pest management.%基于遗传修饰手段的昆虫不育技术( SIT)作为一类物种特异、环境友好、科学高效的新兴策略，在害虫防治中具有广阔的应用前景。释放携带显性致死基因昆虫的技术( RIDL)是改进传统SIT的重要手段之一，主要包括四环素调控系统、特异性启动子、性别特异剪接系统和特异性致死基因等重要元件，其中根据不同昆虫的特点选择合适的特异性致死基因对于构建遗传不育品系至关重要。这些致死基因或受到阻遏调控系统的控制、或特异的在雌虫中表达、亦或直接作用于X染色体，导致后代在特定发育阶段或特定性别中条件致死。本文综述了RHG家族( reapr、hid、grim、michelob x)细胞凋亡基因、转录激活因子tTA及Nipp1Dm、归巢内切酶基因等在害虫遗传不育技术中的研究和应用，讨论了特定致死基因的效应机理和应用特点，并对其可能的发展方向进行了展望。由于不同效应基因的致死作用和调控机理尚未完全明晰，因此深入研究特异致死基因的凋亡机制和在不同物种中的兼容作用，将为害虫遗传防控提供更多的研究思路和手段。