聚羟基脂肪酸酯合成酶的改造和代谢途径构建的研究进展

摘要

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are biopolyesters,which are accumulated intracellularly in granule as carbon and energy storage materials by many microorganisms under unbalanced conditions.PHA has drawn much attention due to its good material properties,such as biodegradability,biocompatibility and the potential substitutes of chemical plastic.However,PHA composed of shortchain-length or single hydroxyearboxylie acid monomer possesses some undesired material properties,it is necessary to synthesize PHA with multiple monomers in order to meet the practical requirements.The specificity of PHA synthetase and the metabolic pathway of PHA influence the composition of PHA,consequently influence the material and physicochemical properties of PHA.In this paper,the recent advances in the development of the modification to the PHA synthases and the construction of metabolic pathways for PHA were reviewed.%聚羟基脂肪酸酯(Polyhydroxyalkanoates,PHA)是许多细菌在非平衡生长条件下在胞内积累的以颗粒状态存在的碳源和能源储藏物质.PHA因其具有生物可降解性、生物相容性等许多良好的材料性质、可以作为化学合成塑料未来的替代品而引起广泛关注.但由短链脂肪酸或单一脂肪酸单体合成的PHA的材料性质具有局限性,需要利用多种单体合成满足实际需求的PHA材料.PHA合成酶的底物特异性和PHA合成代谢途径决定着PHA的单体组成情况,进而影响着PHA的理化特性和材料性能.因此需要对PHA合成酶进行改造,扩展其对底物的特异性.另一方面需要构建新的PHA合成代谢途径,能合成出一些不常见的且性能优良的PHA材料.综述了近些年对PHA合成酶改造的研究及PHA代谢途径构建的研究进展.