洱海低污染水处理湿地中应用海菜花的可行性

摘要

According to its low construction and operation costs , high purification efficiency and wide applicability , constructed wet-lands was one of the feasible way to protect Erhai lake from the threat of declining water quality .Ottelia acuminata ( Gagnep.) Dandy as the dominant species of wetland plants had multiple theoretical and practical significance .The paper proved the feasibility of using native plants to constuct the wetland in Erhai lake .The result showed that the application of Ottelia acuminata ( Gagnep.) Dandy in constructed wetlands was environmental feasibility because of the appropriate climate for constructed wetlands in Erhai lake .Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy was a native dominant macrophyte in Erhai lake in history , and it was listed in "Red List of Endangered Species in China".The recovery of Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy was very important for increasing the value of ecological land-scape of Erhai lake .Based on this project , the treatment of water in Erhal lake could be sustainable in the future .%人工湿地因其成本低、效率高、地区适宜性强等特点，成为洱海低污染水处理的优先考虑手段之一。人工湿地的建设及运行不仅仅是技术问题，而是要充分考虑当地的实际，挖掘其资源（植物产品）价值。从技术、环境、生态以及经济角度论证了将乡土经济植物海菜花应用于湿地系统中的可行性，结果表明：1）海菜花人工种植技术较为成熟，能为洱海低污染水处理湿地中海菜花的存活和丰产提供保障；2）洱海气候适宜应用湿地系统，低污染水营养足以保证海菜花生长。而海菜花四季生长旺盛，具有一定的净水能力。就环境可行性来讲，海菜花完全可以应用到洱海低污染水湿地净水系统中去；3）将海菜花应用到洱海低污染水湿地净水系统中，有助于增加洱海的生态景观效益，不仅可以规避外来物种入侵风险，而且有利于濒危物种的恢复，生态可行性较好；4）将海菜花应用到湿地净水系统中，可以充分利用来水中营养盐，变废为宝，同时持续稳定地产生较好地经济效益，为因湿地建设而失地的农民提供生活保障。