成簇规律间隔短回文重复系统的结构、作用机制及应用

摘要

成簇的规律间隔短回文重复( CRISPR)是一类广泛分布于细菌和古细菌基因组中的DNA重复结构。重复结构与前导序列、一系列相关蛋白一起，为原核生物提供抵御噬菌体和质粒等外源基因的获得性免疫能力。综述了CRISPR系统的结构、作用机制及应用，介绍了最新的研究成果，并对其发展前景进行了展望。%Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ( CRISPR) is a kind of repetitive DNA structure, which is widely distributed in bacterial and archaeal genomes. The structure with leader sequence and a series of associated proteins together provide acquired immunity against phage and plasmid genes for prokaryotes. In this paper, the structure, mechanism and application of CRISPR system are summarized, the latest research progress is introduced, and the prospect of its development is prospected.