真核生物转座子的水平转移研究进展

摘要

水平基因转移现象在原核生物中普遍存在，但在多细胞真核生物中的报道主要是关于转座子的水平转移。大量基因组测序结果表明转座子是真核生物体基因组的重要组成部分。转座子区别于基因最重要的特性是能在宿主基因组内移动和扩增，因此它们可能更易于在不同物种间水平转移。水平转移是转座子避免在宿主基因组中由于遗传漂变、自然选择或者突变失活而最终灭绝的重要方式。另外，转座子的水平转移被认为是驱动基因组变异和生物革新的重要动力。鉴于此，全面地概括了转座子水平转移的鉴定方法、转移机制、转移的偏好性及其在新基因产生中的贡献。最后，还讨论了从全基因这个新视角研究真核生物转座子水平转移的迫切性、必要性和重要性。%Horizontal gene transfer is widespread in prokaryotes , but in multicellular eukaryotes these cases mainly involved in the transposon horizontal transfer .A large number of genome sequencing showed that transposons are important components in eukaryotic genomes .The most important characteristic of transposon distinguishing from genes is able to mobile and amplify in the host genome , which make them more prone to horizontal transfer .Horizontal transfer is an important way which would allow the element to evade a seemingly inevitable vertical extinction in its original host lineage resulting from genetic drift , natural selection or mutational inactiva-tion.In addition, horizontal transposon transfer in eukaryotic genomes has been a major force propelling genomic variation and biologi -cal innovation.Here,this paper would comprehensively summary the methods of identifying horizontal transposon transfer , the transfer mechanisms of transposons , the transfer bias and its contribution in the origin of new genes .Finally,we also discussed the urgency , ne-cessity and importance of studying eukaryotic horizontal transposon transfer from the new perspective of the whole -genome wide .