Objective:To investigate the distribution of risk factors of chronic diseases in Huaishang district residents and preventive knowledge to provide the basis of related intervention behavior. Methods:The risk factors of chronic diseases and related healthy knowledge in more than 18 years old residents in Huaishang District were investigated by stratified cluster sampling method. Results:The total smoking and drinking rates among the residents were 29. 5% and 22. 6%,respectively. The male smoking rate(46. 6%) and drinking rate(38. 6%) were higher than those in female(5. 0% and 6. 1%),respectively(P0. 05). The 12. 2% of residents didn′t eat breakfast daily,23. 0% of residents tastes were heavy,78. 9% of residents didn′t eat dairy products or less than 200 g per day and 8. 4% of residents often ate pickled smoked products. The difference of the taste in men and women with unhealthy dietary behaviors was statistical significance(P0. 05). Among the awareness rate of risk factors about the chronic diseases,the influence factors of obesity in hypertension and sugar in diabetes were the highest awareness rate. Health knowledge of residents came mainly from TV and doctors. Conclusions:Higher proportion of residents have the risk behaviors related to the chronic disease. The channel of residents obtaining the healthy knowledge is relatively single. Carrying out health education among the key people is necessary in order to reduce their health risk factors for chronic diseases.%目的：：了解蚌埠市淮上区城乡居民中慢性病危险因素的分布及相关防治知识知晓情况，为开展有针对性的行为干预工作提供依据。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法，抽取年龄在18岁以上的常驻居民，对其慢性病危险因素及健康知识的知晓率进行问卷调查。结果：总吸烟率和总饮酒率分别为29.5%和22.6%，男性吸烟率为46.6%、饮酒率为38.6%；均高于女性的5.0%和6.1%(P0.05)；不能坚持每天吃早餐的居民为12.0%，口味重者23.0%，每天不吃乳制品或小于200 g者78.9%，经常吃烟熏制品者8.4%，不良饮食行为中男女性口味程度差异有统计学意义(P0.05)；在慢性病危险因素知晓情况调查中，“肥胖是高血压的影响因素”的知晓率(46.5%)和“吃糖是糖尿病的影响因素”的知晓率(43.2%)最高。社区居民的健康知识主要来源于电视和医生。结论：较高比例的社区居民中存在慢性病有关的危险行为；居民获取健康知识的渠道较单一；应对重点人群进行健康教育，以减少居民慢性病健康危险因素。
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