基于自我效能理论的慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人自我管理干预效果评价

摘要

目的:探讨基于自我效能理论的慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人自我管理干预的效果,为优化COPD病人医疗服务提供循证依据.方法:选取稳定期COPD病人128例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各64例.对照组接受常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上运用自我效能理论进行自我管理干预.于干预前和干预8周后分别采用6 min步行距离(6MWD)、呼吸困难严重程度分级标准评分(MRC)评价2组病人心肺功能、呼吸困难程度,同时采用健康知识问卷、自我效能量表和圣乔治呼吸问卷(SGRQ)评价病人健康知识水平、自我效能和生活质量改善情况.结果:干预前2组病人6MWD、MRC评分和健康知识问卷、自我效能量表、SGRQ评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).干预后2组病人6MWD、健康知识水平、自我效能各维度及总分均升高,MRC评分和SGRQ各维度评分均降低,且观察组6MWD、健康知识水平、自我效能各维度及总分升高幅度均明显大于对照组(P0. 05). After intervention,the scores of 6MWD,health knowledge,self-efficacy and total score in two groups increased,and the scores of MRC and SGRQ decreased. The increasing degrees of the 6MWD,health knowledge,self-efficacy and total score in observation group were significantly more than those in control group(P<0. 01),and the decreasing degrees of the MRC and SGRQ in observation group were significantly more than those in control group(P<0. 01). Conclusions:Self-management intervention based on self-efficacy theory can effectively promote the recovery of patient with COPD,increase the awareness of the disease,improve self-management skill and quality of life,which is worthy of promotion.