每一种特定的管理理论,都是在特定时代的背景下和组织经营管理实践经验的总结中不断形成的。每一个时代的管理理论都有着各自不同的特点。在古典管理理论阶段,其主要代表人物包括泰勒、法约尔、韦伯等人,都把人只看成是＂经济人＂。现代管理理论阶段,其代表梅奥、马斯洛、赫茨伯格、麦格雷戈等人则提出了新的观点,即人是＂社会人＂而不是＂经济人＂。在同一时期,美国心理学家马斯洛又提出了＂自我实现人＂的假设。时至今日,无论是＂经济人＂、＂社会人＂还是＂自我实现人＂这三种理论假设,作为主流的管理理论假设被沿用至今,三种管理理论或多或少地影响着组织及其管理者的价值观,以致于进一步影响组织的管理。%Any particular management theory must have been formed under a specific era background and from constant conclusion of organization management experience. Each manage- ment theory of different era has its own unique characteristics. In the period of classical manage- ment theory, Taylor, Fayol and Weber were the main representatives, who regarded human be- ings as ＂people living only for economic goals＂. In the period of modern management theory, Myao, Maslow, Herzberg and Mc Gregor put forward a new view, regarding human beings as ＂people living for social goals＂ instead of ＂people living only for economic goals＂. And at the same time, Maslow, an American psychologist, also brought up a hypothesis, that is, ＂people living for self-realization＂. Up to now, the above three hypotheses have been used by main stream management theories, and have more or less influence on the value of organization and its managers, and thus organization management.
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