《黄帝内经》中的人体自同构思维

摘要

Isomorphic thinking is widely represented in Traditional Chinese Medical theory, which is primarily exemplified by Huangdi Neijing(Huangdi's Internal Classic).The abstract theory that supports this type of idea interprets the correlation among categories with similarity instead of certainty, and tends to describe a similar logic of structure.This article selects theories about human body's similar structure among physiological systems in Huangdi Neijing as examples to introduce the features and applications of this thinking.It shows a self-isomorphic conception in the anatomy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.There exists some logical similarity among categories as Zang and Fu organs, five Zang organs and body, meridians as well as five sensory organs.This association can be sorted by using Five-Element theory.Each element shares typical features of its own classification.Association among the various parts of human body can be identified and used in diagnosis and treatment.It enables the use of multi-modes in isomorphic comparison among categories as multi-dimension reference.Untypical elements also needs to be analyzed and rectified independently, which is the premise of this thinking.%"同构式"思维在以《黄帝内经》为代表的中医学理论中有广泛体现.该思维所支撑的抽象理论,阐释范畴间近似性而非确切性的关联,侧重描述一种结构上的相似逻辑.以《内经》中论及的人体各个部位之间具有相似逻辑构造、形成自相"同构"关系的理论为例,可解读这一思维的特征及应用意义.在中医学的人体构造学说中,这主要体现为一种自相同构式的认知,人体的脏与腑,五脏与形体、经脉、五官等范畴存在逻辑相似.这种关联以五行的抽象理论为基础进行分类,每一要素可根据自己所在类别的典型特质进行探究,进而发掘人体各部分之间相互影响的规律,在诊断治疗上发挥意义.范畴之间的同构对应方式不止一种,具有多维度的特点,可并行参考.而一些非典型要素也需要独立分析和修正,才能保障这种思维不至狭隘.