China is facing a low-fertility risk. This paper summarises the global trend of low fertility along with its causes and policy intervention, and introduces the pronatalist policies from life-cycle perspective, which includes the policies from marriage, housing, family-work balance, financial incentives, childcare, education, public healthcare and public infrastructure. Although the policy effects remain controversial, some inspirations still can be obtained: encouraging childbearing is a long-term and systematic practice with multiple goals; pronatalist policies cover all stages of the family life cycle; and the core of such policies is cost reduction. In the process of promoting the convergence of fertility policy and social economic policy, China should adopt a full life cycle perspective with an aim to reduce the costs of childbearing as well as childrearing and implement comprehensive policies to guide families to make decisions on childbearing.%针对中国所面临的低生育率风险,总结了国际上低生育率的发展形势、形成原因及政策干预概况;在此基础上,从全生命周期的角度系统介绍了一些国家和地区在促进婚恋、住房、家庭工作平衡、经济激励、托育服务、教育、医疗保健、公共设施配置等方面的具体做法,并阐释了其政策实施效果.中国可从中得到启示,促进生育是一个长期的系统工程,有着多元目标;促进生育政策覆盖家庭全生命周期各个阶段,通常以降低成本为核心.提出中国在促进生育政策与社会经济政策配套衔接的过程中,应该综合施策,采用全生命周期视角,以降低家庭生育和养育孩子的成本为导向,引导家庭做出生育决策.
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