通过现场调查对云台石质文物的主要病害类型进行了总结,利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、离子色谱测试仪(IC)分别得到石质样品的矿物成分、表面形貌、元素种类及含量、可溶盐的种类及含量,综合这几种表征方法深入分析石质文物病害产生的原因.现场调查发现云台主要存在的病害类型为表面泛盐、片状脱落、裂缝等;白色盐害主要是由于可溶盐离子K+、Na+、Ca2、SO2-含量较大,结晶析出CaSO4·2H2O、K2SO4、Na2SO4·10H2O等盐而覆盖在岩石表面所致,片状脱落、裂缝的产生也与可溶盐的晶涨、温差、冻融等作用有关.%This paper reports a summary of the main disease types of stone relics in Yuntai obtained through a stte investigation.We provide reasons for the occurrence of stone relic diseases by combining X-ray diffractometry (XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and ion chromatography (IC) measurements,which gave the composition and surface morphology of the samples.Site investigation results revealed that the main disease types in Yuntai include surface salt flooding,flake spalling and cracks.Laboratory study results revealed that the observed surface white salt contains a large amount of soluble ions such as K +,Na+,Ca2+,and SO24-,and these crystallized to give CaSO4·2H2O,K2SO4,Na2SO4·10H2O and precipitation on the surface of the stone.The formation of flake spalling and cracks may also be related to the crystallization of soluble salts,temperature differences and freeze-thaw cycles.
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