板栗外生菌根中真菌的分离鉴定及其拮抗作用

摘要

[目的]采集板栗园中板栗外生菌根,对其进行真菌的分离、鉴定,并与植物病原菌进行拮抗试验,筛选出具有生防作用的真菌.[方法]以板栗外生菌根为材料筛选单菌落真菌,并利用真菌核糖体RNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列的同源性进行分子鉴定.筛选长势良好的真菌与15种植物病原菌进行四点对峙试验.[结果]从板栗菌根中分离并鉴定了螺旋木霉、钩状木霉、生赤壳等15个属的20个菌种.通过四点对峙试验发现,螺旋木霉和钩状木霉拮抗病原菌种类在13种以上,具有广谱性.[结论]螺旋木霉和钩状木霉拮抗效果较好,可作为候选菌种进行生防菌剂生产.%[Objective]In order to select out beneficial fungi with broad-spectrum antagonism,the fungi from Chinese chestnut ectomycorrhiza which were collected from chestnut orchard were isolated and identified,and then the fungi were used to study the antagonistic effects with plant pathogen fungi.[Methods]Pure culture fungal strains were isolated from the chestnut ectomycorrhiza and identified by the homology of Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the fungal ribosomal RNA.Then well-growing fungi were used for futher antagonistic cultivation with 15 pathogens through co-culture method.[Results]Total 20 fungal strains were isolated from chestnut roots,including Trichoderma spp.,Phomopsis spp.,Cylindrocarpon spp.,and so on.The antagonistic cultivation analysis showed two strains from genus Trichoderma had broad-spectrum antagonistic effect against 13 pathogens species.[Conclusion] Due to the well broad antagonistic effect,the fungi of genus Trichoderma could be the candidate strains for further development and application of bio-control agents.