磁性液体奇异的传热特性

摘要

Magnetic fluid has a higher thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance than the conventional heat transfer fluid.As a heat transfer medium,the flow and heat transfer process of magnetic fluid can be controlled by the magnetic field.Therefore,it provides new opportunities to enhance heat transfer,and makes many researchers study the heat transfer characteristics of magnetic fluid.This article presents recent investigations in this field with the aim of summari-zing the experimental methods about measuring the thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer,and identifying the influences of different particles parameters,temperature,magnetic field and other factors on the heat transfer characteristics.Firstly,this paper states the findings of thermal conductivity of magnetic fluid in the absence or presence of magnetic field,and con-cludes the mechanisms of enhancing thermal conductivity.Secondly,it describes the research progress of convective heat transfer in experimental and numerical aspects.Finally,it draws fur-ther working directions of researching heat transfer characteristics of magnetic fluid,and the po-tential application in the enhancement of heat transfer and heat transfer equipments.%磁性液体相比于传统的传热流体来说具有较高的导热性能和传热性能，其流动和传热过程还可以通过磁场控制，因此，磁性液体为强化传热带来了新的机遇，众多研究学者对磁性液体的传热特性进行了研究。通过对近年来有关磁性液体传热特性方面的研究进行整理和分析，总结了磁性液体导热系数和对流传热的实验研究方法，得到了不同的磁性颗粒参数、温度和磁场等因素对磁性液体传热特性的影响；详细阐述了磁性液体在有无磁场下导热系数的研究结果，并对影响导热系数的机理进行了归纳；阐述了磁性液体的对流传热在实验和数值研究方面的进展；指出了磁性液体在传热特性研究方面的进一步工作方向，并对磁性液体在强化传热和传热设备中的应用进行了展望。