长白山高山苔原带牛皮杜鹃群落灌木层种间关联特征分析

摘要

通过野外调查,选取长白山高山苔原带牛皮杜鹃群落96个样方的13种灌木物种,采用2×2列联表,运用方差比率法(VR)、χ2统计量检验、联结系数(AC)和点相关系数(PCC)进行种间关联特征分析.结果表明：1)该群落内物种整体关联性表现为显著的负关联；2)在全部的78个种对中,31个种对表现为正关联,47个种对表现为负关联.正关联达到显著、极显著水平(P<0.05)的种对为15对,负关联达到显著、极显著水平(P<0.05)的种对为8对；3)牛皮杜鹃-笃斯越橘、牛皮杜鹃-兴安杜鹃、牛皮杜鹃-毛毡杜鹃、牛皮杜鹃-宽叶仙女木、牛皮杜鹃-圆叶柳呈现负关联,牛皮杜鹃与其他灌木呈现正关联.牛皮杜鹃具有较大的生态适应范围,与大多数灌木能够共存,与极少几种灌木相互排斥；4)牛皮杜鹃群落种间关联的研究反映了由物种生态特征所形成的有机联系,其研究结果对牛皮杜鹃群落的保护与利用具有一定的指导意义.%Through lots of field investigations in Rhododendron chrysanthum communities in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountain,the species of 13 shrubs in 96 quadrates were selected. The species interspecific association was analyzed by using 2×2 contingency table,multi-species complex associated index(VR),χ2-test,the association coefficient(AC), the point correlation coefficient ( PCC ). The result showed that:( 1 ) In the natural Rhododendron chrysanthum communities,the association of species showed remarkably negative association. (2) In all 78 species-pairs,31 species-pairs revealed positive association,47 species-pairs reveals negative association,15 species-pairs achieved significant positive association(P<0. 05),8 species-pairs achieved significant negative association(P<0. 05). (3) The pairs of Rhododendron chrysanthum-Vaccinium uliginosum,Rhododendron chrysanthum-Rhododendron dauricum,Rhododendron chrysanthum-Rhododendron confertissimum, Rhododendron chrysanthum-Dryas octopetala, Rhododendron chrysanthum-Salix crenata were negatively correlated, Rhododendron chrysanthum showed a positive correlation with the other shrubs. Rhododendron chrysanthum had a larger range of ecological adaptation,it could coexist with most of shrubs,it appeared mutually exclusive with very few shrubs. (4) Interspecies association study of Rhododendron chrysanthum communities reflected the organic relationship formed by the ecological characteristics of species, the results had certain directive significance for the protection and utilization of Rhododendron chrysanthum.