长白山西坡苔原带不同亚带的昆虫群落

摘要

查清了长白山西坡苔原带昆虫的物种组成,以及优势类群对"灌丛"和"荒漠"2个亚带的适应性,对评价昆虫在维持苔原生境的作用具有重要意义.2005—2007年,在西坡高山苔原带利用网捕、灯诱、巴氏罐法系统地采集昆虫标本,共采集昆虫标本2815头,隶属于11目84科343种,鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera)、双翅目(Diptera)是优势类群.其中,"灌丛"亚带中昆虫科数、物种数、个体数都高于"荒漠"亚带,不同月份2个亚带昆虫的丰富度指数、多样性指数由大到小依次为7月、8月、6月、9月.不同月份2个亚带均匀度变化差异较大,相似性均较低.不同的优势类群在2个亚带的分布具有较大差异.高山苔原带"灌丛"亚带和"荒漠"亚带植被组成和自然环境条件差异较大,鳞翅目昆虫对环境的变化非常敏感,主要分布在"灌丛"亚带,"荒漠"亚带中的物种数量较少.鞘翅目昆虫由于自身特点,对海拔较高的"荒漠"亚带具有更强的适应能力,物种数量相对较多.多数昆虫存在向高海拔地区扩散的行为,这对高山苔原植被的繁衍生存具有重要意义.%The insects were collected by net, lamp and pitfall in western slope alpine tundra zone in Changbai Mountain from 2005 to 2007.In the total collection of 2815 specimens belonging to 11 orders, 84 families, 343 species, in western slope alpine tundra zone in Changbai Mountains.Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera were the dominant groups.The number of families, species, individual of insect were more plenty in"bushwood" subzone than in"desert" subzones, the change of the richness index, diversity index of species were same,the descending order was July , Augest, June, and September. The evenness of species was different in two subzones in different months, and similarity coefficient of insect was very low. The vegetation composition and natural environmental conditions between"bushwood" subzone and"desert" subzone were great difference, Lepidoptera were very sensitive to environmental conditions change, it mainly distributed in the "bush-wood" subzone, and the number of species was small in"desert" subzones.The adapt ability of Coleoptera to high altitude environmental conditions of "desert" subzone was better than other groups, because its characteristics, and the number of species were bigger relatively.Most insects would also actively spread to high altitude, and it was a great significance for the continued survival of alpine tundra vegetation.