“文学”中发现“历史”：《苏美尔王表》与神王时代

摘要

文学与历史的关系十分密切,改变文学虚构、历史真实的二元对立思维,有利于重新认识文化的大传统,能够更加主动地探索人类文化现象和文明起源,能够更加深入地把握文学与历史互动在客观现实基础上的主观建构性。苏美尔是迄今已知最古老的文明。《苏美尔王表》既有文学的线索,也有史料的价值。通过看似夸张的记录,表明了早期文明起源过程中,王权神授、争夺王权与神化国王的现实,并具有文化传承上的心理真实的意义。文学中可以发现历史,这是观念变化的必然结果。%The relationship between literature and history is very close.The change in dualistic thinking that literature is fictional and history is true is conducive to re-understand cultural traditions,can explore the phenomenon of human culture and the origin of civilization more actively,and can grasp the subjective constructiveness of the interaction between literature and history on the basis of objective reality more deeply.Sumerian is by far the oldest known civilization.Sumerian King List has both literary clues and value of historical materials.The seemingly exaggerated records indicate that there existed the realities of divine kingship,power-seeking and deified king in the process of the early civilization origin,and there existed significance of psychological truth on the level of cultural heritage.That history can be found in the literature is inevitable result of conceptual change.