在安全气囊实际开发中，利用仿真技术可降试验成本，缩短开发周期。针对控制体积法（CV）、任意Lagrange-Euler法（ALE）和粒子法（CPM）3种模拟方法，该文对比了各自的适用范围和优缺点，给出了各方法的理论模型以及有限元建模方法；结合某车型驾驶员侧折叠气囊，仿真对比了各方法的展开效果、温度、压力分布等主要参数。结果表明：CV法更适用于在位情况下的气囊仿真分析；而ALE法和CPM法可分析离位情况下气囊流场分布，且在气囊展开初期可考虑到气流效应对乘员的影响。该研究结果可为对气囊仿真方法的选择及气囊设计提供参考。%Numerical simulation technology is an important tool to reduce cost and time for safety airbag development. Three prevalent principal methods, i.e. the Control Volume Method (CV), the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian Method (ALE), and the Corpuscular Method (CPM), were compared for the application and the characteristics of airbag. The deployment process, the temperatures, and the pressures were simulated using mathematic theories and ifnite element model for a developing vehicle with a folded driver side airbag. The simulation results of these methods show that the CV method is more suitable for airbag simulation under in position (IP) condition, while the ALE method and the CPM method are perfect for analyzing the lfow ifeld and its effects on passengers of airbag deployment under out of position (OOP) condition when taking into account lfow effect at the initial stages of airbag deployment. These results wil provide references for the selection simulation method and actual design for airbag deployment.
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