企业的成本结构会影响企业通过经营实现利润的能力.企业进行成本结构决策时需要综合考虑各种经营和环境因素,其中客户和供应商集中度对于企业来说是一个关键的环境因素,但现有文献很少研究供应链集中度和公司成本结构之间的潜在关系.利用2012至2016年中国制造业上市公司的成本数据,发现制造商的客户集中度和其成本弹性之间存在正相关关系,并且随着客户议价能力提升,客户集中度高的公司的成本结构灵活性被削弱;随着供应商的集中,下游制造商的变动成本比上固定成本的比值在下降,成本刚性在加强.随着供应商行业议价能力提升,供应商集中度和下游客户成本刚性结构之间的正面关系被削弱.供应链集中度和议价能力是企业成本结构决策的决定因素.%The cost structure of an enterprise will affect its ability to achieve operating profits.All kinds of operation and environment factors should be taken into account when enterprises making cost structure decisions.Among them, customer and supplier concentration is a key environmental factor for enterprises.However, the existing literature has little research on the potential relationship between supply chain concentration and corporate cost structure.This study examines the influence of supply chain concentration on the decision of enterprise cost structure.Using the cost data of the sample of China's manufacturing listed companies from 2012 to 2016, we found a positive correlation between the manufacturer's customer concentration and its cost elasticity.It also found that as the bargaining power of customers increased, the cost structure flexibility of companies with high customer concentration was weakened.At the same time, it is found that with the concentration of suppliers, the ratio of variable costs to fixed costs of downstream manufacturers is decreasing and the cost rigidity is strengthening.With the improvement of the bargaining power of the supplier industry, the negative relationship between the supplier concentration and the cost rigidity structure of downstream customers is weakened.Supply chain concentration and bargaining power are the decisive factors of the enterprise cost structure decisions.
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