老年性听力损失患者普通话双音节词表测试结果分析

摘要

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with presbycusis by using disyllabic mandarin speech test materials (MSTMs).Methods A total of 59 subjects (23 men and 36 women) with presbycusis,from 61 to 84 years old with the average as 71.3±6.7.They were divided into three groups:the mild group (10 subjects),the moderate group (35 subjects)and the severe group (14 subjects)according to the pure tone average (PTA) thresholds at 0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz from the better ear.In addition,11 subjects of elderly persons with normal hearing were used as the control group.All the subjects enrolled in this study could speak Mandarin well in their daily lives.Nine lists of disyllabic mandarin speech test materials were utilized to test speech recognition threshold (SRT) and P-I function for these groups respectively.Results The PTA(51.65±11.98)and SRT (50.98±16.05)from presbycusis group were much higher than the control group(PTA 19.55± 4.55,SRT 18.79± 7.45),while the average slope of the P-I function 2.63％/dB from the presbycusis group was lower than the control group 4.65％/dB (P＜0.01).The SRT of male patients (56.54±17.23) was higher than the females(47.99± 15.63) (P＜0.05).The PTA and SRT in these three groups divided by degrees of hearing loss were higher than the control group obviously.The PTA and SRT had significantly increased as the degree of hearing loss increased.The differences among these groups were significant (P＜0.01).The average slope of P-I function of these three groups divided by degrees of hearing loss (mild group:2.47％/dB,moderate group:2.76％/dB,severe group:2.42％/dB) was smaller than the slopes in the control group which was 4.65 ％/dB (P＜0.01).The average slope of P-I function among these groups had no significant difference (P＞0.05).Conclusion The SRT of patients with presbycusis increased and the SRT of male was higher than the females.The average slope of P-I function decreased and the curve moved to right side and became a gradual curve.As hearing loss became more severe,the SRT rose more apparently.%目的 探讨老年性听力损失患者的言语识别特点.方法 以59例老年性听力损失患者(老年听损组)为研究对象,年龄61～84岁,平均71.3±6.7岁,其中男23人,女36人,根据较好耳0.5、1、2、4 kHz平均气导听阈(pure tone average,PTA)分为轻度听力损失组(10例)、中度听力损失组(35例)、重度以上听力损失组(14例);以11例听力正常老年人作为对照组;以普通话言语测听材料中的9张双音节词表分别测试各组的言语识别阈(speech recognition threshold,SRT)和言语识别率,并建立识别-强度函数曲线(P-I函数曲线),比较各组的结果.结果 老年听损组PTA(51.65±11.98 dB HL)、SRT(50.98±16.05 dBHL)明显高于对照组(PTA19.55±4.55 dB HL、SRT 18.79土7.45 dB HL),老年听损组P-I函数曲线平均斜率(2.63％±1.59％/dB)低于对照组(4.65％±1.46％/dB) (P＜0.01);老年听损男性组SRT值(56.54±17.23 dB HL)高于女性(47.99±15.63dBHL) (P＜0.05);三组不同程度老年听损组的PTA和SRT明显高于对照组,随着听力损失程度的加重,PTA、SRT阈值明显增高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);不同程度听损各组的P-I函数曲线斜率(轻度组2.47％±1.59％/dB,中度组2.76％±1.59％/dB,重度以上组2.42％±1.69％/dB)明显低于对照组(4.65％±1.46％/dB)(P＜0.01),不同程度听损组间P-I函数曲线斜率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 老年性听力损失患者言语识别阈升高,且男性高于女性,P-I函数曲线平均斜率下降,曲线右移呈平缓型;随着听力损失程度的加重,其言语识别阈升高更显著.