天山北坡东段GPS反演的大气可降水量变化特征及其与降水的关系

摘要

Based on the hourly precipitation and precipitable water vapor (PWV )of GPS at Barkol station of Xinjiang from March 201 2 to February 201 3,the temporal variation characteristics of PWV and their relation with precipitation were analyzed.The results showed that PWV could well reflect the change of water vapor content in the atmosphere.PWV had an obvious seasonal variation from March 201 2 to February 201 3 in Barkol of Xinjiang,and the monthly varying curve acted as a single peak distribution,the maximum PWV appeared in July and the minimum PWV appeared in January.The diurnal change of PWV was obvious,the maximum appeared at 1 0:00 BST and the minimum appeared at 04:00 BST and 20:00 BST.Precipitation was later than the occurrence time of the maximum PWV .The pre-cipitation in spring and summer occurred usually in the first 1 -3 hours of the maximum PWV appearring,while that in autumn and win-ter occurred in the first 2-4 hours of the maximum PWV appearring.The maximum PWV was closely related to hourly precipitation,and the precipitation appearred 39 times when PWV reached the maximum,which accounted for 62.9%of the total number of precipitation, but only 1 8 times its maximum PWV was corresponded to the maximum hourly precipitation.%利用2012年3月—2013年2月新疆巴里坤国家基本气象站地基GPS反演的大气可降水量（PWV ）、降水量逐时资料，研究分析了PWV的时间变化特征及其与降水的关系。结果表明：GPS／PWV资料能够反映巴里坤地区大气中水汽含量的变化。其中，PWV月变化呈典型的单峰型分布，7月最大，1月最小；PWV日变化呈1峰2谷变化，最大值出现在10：00，最小值出现在04：00和20：00。降水较最大PWV出现时间明显滞后，春、夏季降水多发生在PWV最大值出现后1～3 h，秋、冬季降水多发生在PWV最大值出现后2～4 h；PWV最大值与小时降水量有很好的对应关系，PWV最大值出现有降水产生共39次，占总次数62．9％，但与小时最大降水对应仅有18次。