2005-2014年我国不利天气条件下交通事故特征分析

摘要

Through analysis of the number of traffic accidents,the economic losses of traffic accident,the injured number,the deaths number due to traffic accidents under adverse weather conditions and the meteorological observations from 2005 to 2014,the results are as follows:(1 )The number of traffic accidents and the injured occurring on rainy days was most,second for snowy days and third for foggy days.The economic losses and the deaths due to traffic accidents happened on rainy day were largest,second for foggy days and third for snowy days.The average economic losses for each accident were largest on foggy days,then for snowy days and rainy days, the average injured due to traffic accidents was most on hail days,then for foggy days and snowy days,the average deaths number due to traffic accidents was most on foggy days,then for sand days and hail days.(2)Considering the related cooperation policy between the traffic administration and the meteorological department,the number of traffic accidents and their economic losses,the injured and the deaths number were reduced effectively on rainy days,snowy days and windy days.(3)Due to the unprecedented disasters of low temperature,persistent rain,snow and ice storms in 2008,the number of traffic accidents and their economic losses,the injured and the deaths number increased obviously on snowy days in this year.(4)Through analysis of the traffic death toll on eight types of road under rainy days,snowy days and foggy days from 2005 to 2014,the largest traffic death toll in recent ten years happened on the sec-ondary roads under rainy days or snowy days,but under foggy days,the traffic death toll was most on the highway.%根据2005—2014年全国不利天气条件发生的交通事故起数、其经济损失和伤亡人数及气象观测资料研究近10 a我国不利天气条件下的交通事故特征，结果表明：（1）不利天气条件造成的交通事故起数及受伤人数雨天＞雪天＞雾天，造成经济损失及死亡人数较多的不利天气排序为雨天＞雾天＞雪天。平均每起事故造成的经济损失雾天＞雪天＞雨天；平均每起事故受伤人数冰雹天气＞雾天＞雪天；平均每起事故死亡人数雾天＞沙尘＞冰雹天气，雨天最少；（2）交通管理和气象部门联合开展全国交通气象预报预警服务，能有效减少雨雪和大风等天气交通事故发生起数及其经济损失和伤亡人数；（3）2008年雪天发生交通事故起数及其经济损失和伤亡人数均出现极端突变增大，当年发生百年一遇低温冰冻雨雪极端气候事件是造成上述突变的关键因素；（4）结合2005—2014年雨天、雪天、雾天条件下8种不同道路类型交通事故死亡人数分析发现，近10 a来，受雨、雪天气影响二级公路交通事故总死亡人数最多；大雾天气造成高速公路交通事故死亡人数最多。