综述了几种探究纤维增强复合材料各层面性能的表征方法,包括最具代表性的宏观及微观界面力学测试法、热分析法、显微镜法等,其中宏观力学测试法用于测试材料的基本属性,最为普遍也较为成熟;微观界面力学测试法用于测试材料中基体与纤维之间的黏结强度;热分析法用于研究复合材料基体的热物理和动力学特性;显微镜法则是运用高科技手段测试材料内部元素组成、结构及形态变化情况.最后对纤维增强复合材料性能表征方法的未来发展进行了简要展望.结果表明:显微镜法是成像最直观、测试速度最快的方法,近年来得到了飞速发展;除此之外,还有其他方法可从各角度对复合材料的性能进行研究.%Several characterization methods of testing the performance of different levels of fiber reinforced polymers were overviewed ,including the macro and micro mechanics ,thermal analysis and microscope methods ,etc .Among which ,the macro mechanical tests were the most commonly used for testing the basic material properties .The micro mechanics method was used to test the bonding strength between matrix and fiber of material .Thermal analysis method was used to study the thermal physical and dynamic characteristics of composite matrix .Microscope method was used to test the internal elements material composition ,structure and morphological changes means with high-tech .Furthermore ,a brief prospect on the future development was proposed . The results show that microscope method is the intuitive and fastest ,and develop rapidly in recent years .In addition ,many other methods are available to research the performances of polymer .
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