基于空气污染指数的太阳日总辐射计算方法

摘要

Solar radiation is the primary energy source of various physical processes in the natural environment, the basic force of driving formation and evolution of weather and climate.It’s one of the most important natural factors in many scientific fields.However,compared with temperature and precipitation,solar ra-diation data are rather deficient in China,and thus it is necessary to seek a new way to calculate it by using the routine meteorological variables. With the rapid development of the national economy and the continuous expansion of cities,the air quality of some large and medium-sized cities has been gradually worsening.However,these effects are of-ten neglected in radiation model,which may cause great errors in the solar radiation calculation.There-fore,a more precise solar radiation model which regards air pollution index as a dominant factor is built to improve model simulation accuracy. By analyzing the statistical analyses about observations of 23 nationwide sites from 2001 to 2012,the model is established for assessment of daily radiation with nonlinear regression method,which is called DSRM-Y.The model includes three independent variables:Daily temperature range,astronomical per-centage of sunshine and air pollution index.Meanwhile,to check the simulation effect,results of DSRM-Y are compared with those of a previous model called DSRM-C.Results show a significant negative corre-lation between two essential factors of air pollution index and daily solar radiation.In addition,a good fit-ting effect is expressed in scattering diagram,mean bias error,root mean square error and error analysis of daily total radiation between calculated and measured values.The application result of DSRM-Y at Xining, Shanghai and Kunming indicates,as the air pollution index rises,the daily solar radiation weakens in all three sites.In terms of model comparison,the root mean square error of DSRM-Y is less than that of DSRM-C for all sites,indicating DSRM-Y performs better.%通过对2001—2012年全国23个站实测资料的分析，利用非线性回归法建立了以气温日较差、天文日照百分率和空气污染指数为主导因子的太阳日总辐射模型，这里简称为 DSRM-Y 模型（Daily Solar Radiation Model-Y），检验其效果并与已有的 DSRM-C 模型（Daily Solar Radiation Model-C）进行效果比对。结果表明：太阳日总辐射与空气污染指数呈显著负相关，DSRM-Y 模型的太阳日总辐射估算值与实测值的散点图以及平均偏差、均方根误差、误差分析均表现出较好的拟合效果。将模型应用于西宁、上海、昆明3个代表站，空气污染指数上升后，3个站太阳日总辐射均呈减少趋势；23个站 DSRM-Y 模型的均方根误差均小于 DSRM-C 模型，即 DSRM-Y 模型的拟合效果好于 DSRM-C 模型。