People＇s conciliation originates from traditional folk conciliation with both interior and exterior nature. The fact that self-governance among villagers hasn＇t been truly realized brought about more complex situation during the transitional period of the rural areas and failed to provide a favorable institutional surroundings for the existence and development of people＇s conciliation. Therefore, we are to focus our study on the trouble faced by people conciliation in the rural areas from the point of constitutional construction. To promote the development of people＇s conciliation, we must realize self-goveruance among villagers as soon as possible, perfect the primary democratic institutions and ensure the very basic rights and freedom of the villagers. And the wide implementa- tion of people＇s conciliation may provide a reasonable and effective mechanism for resolving disputes and will be beneficial to the setting of a harmonious order in the village and the construction of a fair social structure and the promotion of self-governance among villagers. People＇s Conciliation and self-governance among villagers are of mutual promotion and development.%人民调解制度发源于传统的民间调解，兼具内发性和外生性。从宪政的视角考察人民调解在农村遭遇的困境，很重要的原因是村民自治未能在农村真正实现，导致了转型期农村社会的复杂状态，没有给人民调解在农村的生存和发展提供良好的制度环境。尽快实现村民自治，完善基层民主机制，保障村民的基本权利和自由，可以促进人民调解的发展；人民调解的广泛实施，能够为农村提供合理有效的纠纷解决机制，有助于形成和谐的村庄秩序，构建公平的社会结构．推动村民自治的实现。二者在农村宪政建设的进程中相互促进，共同发展。
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