肥料与石膏配施对滨海盐土玉米生长及养分吸收的影响

摘要

The effects of fertilizer with gypsum with the pot experiments in coastal saline soil application on growing development and nutrients uptake of corn were studied. The appropriate fertilizer varieties were discussed. The results were as follows： there were significant effects in fertilizer and gypsum application on corn growth in coastal saline soil. The dry matter accumulation and nutrient uptake in the treatment of gypsum with organic - in- organic fertilizer or bio - organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer were better. During corn growth periand among the tested fertilizer varieties, the order of the dry matter accumulation was organic - inorganic corn-pound fertilizers （F2 ）, bio -organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer （F4 ） 〉 inorganic compound fertilizer （ F1 ） 〉 bio - organic fertilizer （ F3 ） 〉 the control. The application of gypsum with organic - inorganic compound fertilizer or bio - organic fertilizer and inorganic compound fertilizer could significant improve the growth of corn. But the application of gypsum with inorganic compound fertilizer could significantly decrease the dry matter accumulation of corn in coastal saline soil. There were significant effects of fertilizer with gypsum ap- plication on the nutrient uptake of corn in coastal saline soil. The N uptake in organic - inorganic compound fertilizers （ F2） was higher, and the K uptake in inorganic compound fertilizer （ F1 ） was higher in the nutrient up- take of corn in seeding stage. There was not significant effect of gypsum application on nutrient uptake of potting corn in coastal saline soil, but gypsum application could significantly decrease the P uptake. The appropriate fer- tilizer variety ic compound during corn cultivation was organic - inorganic fertilizer （ F2 ） or bio - organic fertilizer and inorgan- fertilizer （F4） with gypsum application in coastal saline soil.%通过盆栽试验，研究了肥料与石膏配合施用对滨海盐土玉米生长及养分吸收的影响，探讨了滨海盐土适宜的肥料品种。结果表明，肥料与石膏配合施用对滨海盐土玉米生长有显著影响，以有机无机复混肥、生物有机肥＋无机复混肥配合石膏施用在干物质累积、养分吸收上处理效果较好。供试肥料品种间，玉米生长中后期在干物质累积量上均表现出有机无机复混肥（F2）、生物有机肥＋无机复混肥（F4）〉无机复混肥（F1）〉生物有机肥（F3）〉对照。在有机无机复混肥、生物有机肥＋无机复混肥的基础上增加石膏用量可明显改善玉米生长状况，但在无机复混肥基础上增加石膏用量会显著降低玉米干物质累积量。肥料品种对玉米养分吸收有显著影响，在玉米苗期养分吸收上，N吸收量以有机无机复混肥（F2）较高，K吸收量以无机复混肥较高（F1），肥料品种间磷素吸收量差异不显著。石膏施用对玉米苗期N、K吸收量无显著影响，但可显著降低P吸收量。滨海盐土地区玉米栽培以有机无机复混肥（F2）、生物有机肥＋无机复混肥（F4）配合石膏施用较为适宜。