石油污染土壤微生物多样性的研究技术及进展

摘要

Contamination of soils and the underlying subsurface by petroleum spills is a widespread environmental problem. As one of the most important biological functional groups in soil ecosystem, microbial community structure will alter by oil pollution. It is very important to study microbial diversity for the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil and the evaluation of oil pollution. The current research technology of soil microbial diversity and its application in oil-contaminated soil were systematically reviewed according to the research progress. And the research field was prospected.%石油污染土壤是世界范围内普遍存在的环境问题,微生物作为土壤中最重要的生物类群,若受到石油污染的影响,其群落结构会发生相应的改变,研究土壤微生物多样性,对于土壤石油污染的生物修复以及评价石油污染对土壤生态系统的影响具有重要意义.根据石油污染对土壤微生物多样性的研究进展,系统地综述了目前常用的土壤微生物多样性的研究技术及其在石油污染研究中的应用,并对该研究领域进行了展望.