[Objective]The aim was to study the species diversity of Populus shanxiensis C. Wang et Tung community in Heicha Mountain of Shanxi Province. [ Method] Through plot investigation by using quadrat method, the characteristics of species diversity of P. Shanxiensis was studied based on richness index (N0), Simpson' s index (λ), Shannon- Weiner' s index (H1) and evenness indices (E1, E5). [ Result] The species diversity index of P. Shanxiensis not only depended on the species composition of communities,but also was closely related to the important values of species. The order of species richness index and diversity index at different layers of P. Shanxiensis community was herb layer > shrub layer > tree layer;there was positive correlation between richness index and diversity index,but the change trend of evenness index was different from that of richness index and diversity index,and negative correlation between evenness index and dominance. [Conclusion]The current growth and growth environment of P. Shanxiensis were studied in the paper,so as to lay theoretical foundation for the protection of this endangered species and provide references for the research on endangered species in the future.%[目的]研究山西黑茶山青毛杨群落物种多样性.[方法]采用样方法进行样地调查,依据重要值指标,应用丰富度指数(N0)、Simpson指数(λ)、Shannon-Weiner指数(H′)和均匀度指数(E1和E5)进行分析研究.[结果]青毛杨群落物种多样性指数不仅取决于群落的种类组成,而且与种间的重要值配置有密切关系.青毛杨群落内各层物种丰富度指数和多样性指数的大小为草本层＞灌木层＞乔木层；丰富度指数与多样性指数呈正相关关系,而群落均匀度指数的变化与丰富度指数和多样性指数的变化趋势有所不同,且均匀度与优势度呈负相关关系.[结论]进一步了解和认识了青毛杨的生长现状及生长环境,从而为保护这一濒危物种奠定一定的理论基础,同时也为今后濒危物种及相关学科的研究提供基础资料.
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