[Objective ] The research aimed to screen and identify high efficiency phenol degrading bacteria from oil- contaminated soil, and study its characterization, to lay basis for dealing with phenolic wastewater and establishing environmental engineering strains, which had a certain theoretical and practical use value. [ Method] A strain XH-10 could effectively degrade phenol had been selected and domesticated from oil-contaminated soil near the refinery of Nanchong City, Sichuan Province. Then, from the morphological, physiological and biochemical studies and 16S rDNA evolution analysis, it was identified. Finally, its growth and phenol degradation characteristics were studied. [Result] XH-10 is short game, gram-negative, end of flagella and no capsule, the homologies in the sequence between 16S rDNA and many strains of Serratia marcescens reaches as high as 99.2% ,initially identified XH-10 belongs to the genus S. Marcescens. The most appropriate temperature of XH-10 growth and degradation of phenol is 20 - 35 ℃ , the optimum pH is 6.0 - 9.0. Degradation rate to 10 mmol /L phenol reaches as high as 99.29% within 24 h. The XH-10 strain also can grow in inorganic salt medium containing 20 mmol /L of phenol. [Conclusion] The study indicates that XH-10 has strong adaptability and phenol degradation capability, it can be used biological treatment of high concentrations of phenolic wastewater, and have higher research and application prospects.%[目的]从石油污染土壤中分离高效苯酚降解菌,对其进行鉴定,并研究其特性,为含酚废水的处理及环保工程菌株构建奠定基础,具有一定的理论和实际应用价值.[方法]从四川省南充市炼油厂附近石油污染土壤中筛选、驯化得到1株高效苯酚降解菌株XH10.通过形态学、生理生化特性研究及16S rDNA进化分析对其进行鉴定.最后,对XH-10的生长和苯酚降解特性进行研究.[结果]XH-10为短杆、革兰氏阴性、端生鞭毛、无荚膜,16S rDNA与多株黏质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)的同源性高达99.2%,初步确定XH10为黏质沙雷氏菌属.XH-10最适生长和降解苯酚的温度为20～35℃,最适pH为6.0～9.0; 24 h内对10 mmo/L的苯酚降解率达到99.29%,在含有20 mmo/L苯酚的无机盐培养基中该菌也能生长.[结论]XH-10具有很强的适应能力和苯酚降解能力,可用于高浓度含酚废水的生物处理,有较高的研究及应用前景.
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