为了解中国共产党走农村包围城市的道路和现在城乡二元制结构的历史根源,从生产方式、管理模式、文化、社会分工4个方面分析了近代城乡差异.近代工业的发展促进了我国城市生产方式的近代化,而广大农村仍是传统的自给自足的自然经济生产方式.鸦片战争后,资本主义经济成份的增多以及中国资产阶级的逐渐形成,推动了中国城市政治近代化的进程;在城市近代化管理的同时,广大乡村仍然采用传统的乡村自治管理模式.文化方面,由于城市中心地位的优势,人口集中,交通发达,城市近代文化繁荣发展;而广大农村信息闭塞,文化落后.近代以来由于城市最先受到外国资本主义的冲击和改造,成为近代化生产力的主要着力点,手工业与农业分离而向城市集中,城乡社会分工发生了较大变化,形成了"城市工业、乡村农业"的新的分工格局.%In order to understand the historical origins of encircling the cities from the rural areas and the dual structures of urban and rural development implemented by the Communist Party of China, urban-rural differences are analyzed from the four aspects of production mode,management mode, culture and social division of labor. Industrial development in modern times has promoted the modernization of urban production in China. But the rural areas still maintain their traditional self-sufficient natural economy. After the Opium War, the process of modemization of city politics is promoted by more economic elements of capitalism and the formation of Chinese bourgeoisie. During the management of urban modernization, rural areas still adopt the traditional self-management mode. In the aspect of culture, city is the center of development, having large population, developed traffic, and prosperous culture. But the village is lack of information and its culture is relatively backward. In modern times, affected by the foreign capitalist, urban area has become the center of modern productivity. After separating from agriculture, handicraft industry has transferred into urban areas and the social division of labor in both urban and rural areas has shown great changes. Thus, a new pattern of “Urban Industry, Rural Agriculture” has formed.
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