不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性的比较

摘要

[目的]探讨不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性,为大豆高产新品种选育和高产栽培提供参考.[方法]选择3个产量水平的9个栽培大豆品种,在相同环境条件下种植,于V4期(苗期)、R2期(盛花期)、R4期(结荚盛期)、R6期(鼓粒盛期)和R7期(成熟期)用Li-6400型光合作用测定系统,测定不同生育时期大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率.[结果]在全生育期内,高产品种大豆叶片净光合速率和气孔导度均显著高于低产品种.在V4期、R2期和R4期,高产品种叶片蒸腾速率显著高于低产大豆品种;在R6期和R7期不同产量水平大豆品种蒸腾速率差异不显著.V4期和R2期水分利用效率表现为低产品种﹥中产品种﹥高产品种,而在R4期、R6期和R7期则表现为高产品种﹥中产品种﹥低产品种.[结论] 高产大豆品种叶片的气体交换能力显著高于低产大豆品种,为其获得高产奠定了生理基础.净光合速率可作为选择高产大豆品种的一个有效指标.%[ Objective ] The aim was to explore the gases exchange characteristic in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels to provide a certain theories basis for high yield breeding and cultivation of soybean cultivars. [ Method ] Nine soybean cultivars divided into three yield levels were planted under the same environmental condition. At V4 (seedling), R2 (blooming), R4 (pod-bearing), R6 (pod-filling) and R,(maturing) growth stages,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) in soybean leaves were measured with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system. [ Result] At all growth stages, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars were significantly higher than iow yield soybean cultivars. At V4, R2 and R4 stages,transpiration rate in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars; there was no significant difference on transpiration rate in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield levels at R6 and R7 stage. At V4 and R2 stage, water use efficiency (WUE) in leaves of soybean cultivars at different yield showed a trend of low yield cultivars > middle yield cultivars > high yield cultivars, while it appeared high yield cultivars > middle yield cultivars > low yield cultivars at R4, R6 and R7 stage. [ Conclusion] The gases exchange capacity in leaves of high yield soybean cultivars was significantly higher than low yield soybean cultivars, which had provided physiological basis of high yield. The net photosynthetic rate could be used as an selection index of high yield soybean.