[ Objective] The study aimed to assess the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment of hilly basin area in the middle of Hunan Province. [ Method] Taking Hengyang basin as an example, we firstly chose 13 indicators from natural, social and economic subsystem to assess the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment in Hengyang basin of Hunan Province. Afterwards, by using principal component analysis , we calculated the weight of each indicator and the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment of seven regions, finally analyzed the spatial distribution of agricultural eco-environment vulnerability. [ Result] The weight of farmers' net income per capita was up to 0. 140, followed by forest coverage rate (0. 137). Among the seven counties, the vulnerability of agricultural eco-environment was primarily moderate, while Hengnan County had the highest vulnerability among the seven counties, followed by Hengyang County, and the two counties were referred as seriously fragile regions. In addition, Leiyang City was the minimum fragile region, namely slightly fragile region. In general, the vulnerability of peripheral counties was lower than that of central counties. [Conclusion] The research could provide scientific references for the restoration and reconstruction of agro-ecological environment as well as the establishment of agricultural production decisions.%[目的]对湘中丘陵盆地区的农业生态环境脆弱性进行评价.[方法]以衡阳盆地为例,构建了相中丘陵盆地区农业生态环境脆弱性评价指标体系,从自然、社会、经济子系统中选取13个评价指标.然后,采用主成分分析法计算各评价指标的权重,进而计算出各县域农业生态环境脆弱度,分析研究区农业生态环境脆弱性强度及其空间分布规律.[结果]农民人均纯收入的权重值最大,为0.140,其次是森林覆盖率(0.137).研究区农业生态环境以中度脆弱为主,衡南县的脆弱度最大,衡阳县次之,均为强度脆弱区；耒阳市的脆弱度最小,为微度脆弱区.研究区农业生态环境脆弱性呈现出外围低、中间高的趋势.[结论]该研究为农业生态环境的恢复、重建与农业生产决策的制定提供了科学依据.
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