棉花遭受涝渍胁迫后的快速恢复技术

摘要

Objective] The aim was to study the effects of different recovery technical measures on cotton morphology , physiology, yield and its components after waterlogged stress in cotton seedling stage , for providing theoretical reference on rapid recovery of cotton after waterlogged stress.[Method] The pot experiment was conducted with two genotypes of cotton (Xiangzamian8 F1 and Zhongmiansuo63 F1), and recovery af-ter 15 days flooded, setting up 13 treatments within two contrasts.The changes of cotton morphological growth, SPAD, yield, and bolls charac-teristics by using the recovery technical measures were studied.[Result] The results showed that the recovery of technical measures accelerated the growth of the plant height and leaf.Spraying Tianfengsu,urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate improved the leaf chlorophyll content. Spraying naphthylacetic acid, gibberellin,ethephon, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soil hole applying compound fertilizers, and soil hole applying compound fertilizers with spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased the dry matter accumulation of aerial part and total dry matter accumulation.The soil hole applying greatly improved the total dry matter accumulation, and compared with CK1, the total dry matter of Xiangzamian8 F1 and Zhongmiansuo63 F1 increased by 45.2%and 70.4%, respectively.Compared with CK2 , total dry matter ac-cumulation amount of Xiangzamian8 F1 and Zhongmiansuo63 F1 accounted for 54.1%and 58.2%.Compared with CK1, two technical measures of spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and soil hole applying compound fertilizers significantly improved cotton yield , and two vari-eties of cotton under the technical measure of spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased 94.9% and 144.5%, respectively, and compared with CK2, cotton yield of Xiangzamian8 F1 and Zhongmiansuo63 F1 accounted for 71.3%and 73.6%.[Conclusion] According to the data analysis, after waterlogged stress on the cotton seedling stage, spraying urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and soil hole applying compound fertilizers quickly restored the cotton growth.%[目的]研究棉花苗期遭受涝渍胁迫后，采用不同的恢复技术对棉花形态、生理和产量及其构成因子的影响，为遭受涝渍胁迫后的棉花快速恢复提供理论参考。[方法]采用盆栽方法，以湘杂棉8号F1、中棉所63 F1为试验材料，淹水15 d排除渍水后进行恢复，设置双对照，共13个处理。研究采用恢复技术后棉花形态生长、SPAD、产量、棉铃等特征变化。[结果]涝渍胁迫后采用恢复技术能加快棉花株高及叶片增长。喷施天丰素、尿素及磷酸二氢钾等技术能提高主茎功能叶叶绿素含量。喷施萘乙酸、赤霉素、乙烯利、尿素加磷酸二氢钾，土壤穴施复合肥，土壤穴施复合肥配合喷施尿素加磷酸二氢钾等恢复技术均能提高单株地上部分干物质积累量及总干物质积累量，其中总干物质积累量提高最大的技术为土壤穴施，分别比胁迫不采用恢复技术处理总干物质积累量提高45．2％、70．4％；总干物质积累量恢复到不受涝渍胁迫处理的54．1％、58．2％。对籽棉产量分析，植株喷施尿素加磷酸二氢钾、土壤穴施氮磷钾复合肥2项技术，与涝渍胁迫不采用恢复技术对照比较均达极显著差异，其中植株喷施尿素加磷酸二氢钾技术比涝渍胁迫不采用恢复技术对照提高94．9％、144．5％，恢复到未受涝渍胁迫对照的71．3％、73．6％。[结论]通过试验数据分析，棉花苗期遭受涝渍胁迫后，喷施尿素加磷酸二氢钾、土壤穴施复合肥均能快速恢复棉花生长。