长果桑与桑树栽培品种远缘杂交F1代的植物学性状表现分析

摘要

[目的]分析长果桑与桑树栽培品种远缘杂交F1代的植物学性状表现,为桑树远缘杂交的亲本选择提供参考.[方法]按照长果桑×桑树栽培品种和桑树栽培品种×长果桑2种远缘杂交类型配置杂交组合,每种杂交类型配置5个杂交组合,授粉、采种、育苗后栽植,调查叶片、枝条的主要植物学性状表现.[结果]在长果桑×桑树栽培品种和桑树栽培品种×长果桑2种远缘杂交类型中,各组合亲本均无椭圆形叶,F1代均有椭圆形叶植株,平均比例分别为13.28%和10.48%;亲本无短尾叶尖的杂交组合,F1代出现短尾叶尖植株的平均比例分别为29.88%和24.94%;亲本无钝头叶尖的杂交组合,F1代出现钝头叶尖植株的平均比例分别为14.16%和11.86%.亲本无弯曲枝条的杂交组合,F1代出现弯曲枝条植株的平均比例分别为26.83%和32.66%;亲本无折曲节间的杂交组合,F1代出现折曲节间植株的平均比例分别为23.72%和18.28%.[结论]长果桑与桑树栽培品种远缘杂交F1代的植物学性状表现丰富,出现了很多亲本中没有的性状,可以从中选择符合需要的植株开展材料创新和品种选育.%[ Objective] Performance of botanical traits of distant hybridization F1 between long fruit mulberry and mulberry cultivars was analyzed to provide reference for the parent selection of mulberry.[Method] The hybrid combinations were configured according to two types of distant hy-brid:long fruit mulberry ×mulberry cultivars,mulberry cultivars ×long fruit mulberry.Each hybrid types configured five kinds of hybrid combina-tions.Characteristics of botanical traits of leaves and branches were surveyed after pollination,seed collection and planting.[Result] In two types of distant hybrid:each combination parent had no elliptical leaf, F1 generation had elliptical leaf plant, the average rate was 13.28% and 10.48%,respectively.Parent of the hybrid combination hadn't short-tailed leaf tip,the average rate of short-tailed leaf tip plants in the F1 gener-ation was 29.88% and 24.94%, respectively.Parent of the hybrid combination hadn't blunt head leaf tip,the average rate of blunt head leaf tip plants in the F1 generation was 14.16% and 11.86%.Parent of the hybrid combination hadn' t bending branches,the average rate of bending branches plants in the F1 generation was 26.83% and 32.66%.Parent of the hybrid combination hadn't flex internode,the average rate of flex in-ternode plants in the F1 generation was 23.72% and 18.28%.[Conclusion] Performance of botanical traits of distant hybridization F1 between long fruit mulberry and mulberry cultivars is abundant,there are many traits that are not in the parent.We can choose required plants to carry out material innovation and variety breeding.