辽东湾滨海湿地现状遥感调查

摘要

[目的]研究辽东湾滨海湿地资源现状及其驱动因子.[方法]采用2014年Landsat-8卫星数据以及2013年天绘01-01卫星数据和资源3号卫星数据,通过遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,结合野外滨海湿地调查,提取辽东湾滨海湿地类型、面积及空间分布,在此基础上结合1986年和2000年的遥感调查数据,进行资源分布的驱动力分析.[结果]辽东湾滨海湿地面积为4.22×105 hm2,其中自然滨海湿地和人工滨海湿地面积分别为3.62×105和0.60×105 hm2,分别占辽东湾滨海湿地总面积的86%和14%;淤泥质滩涂主要分布在小凌河口与盖州市团山街道西崴子村之间,碱蓬和芦苇主要分布在小凌河口至辽河口之间且呈现零星散落分布,养殖池、沙滩、库塘等全区均有分布,盐田主要分布在长兴岛及附近区域.影响辽东湾滨海湿地资源分布的驱动因子主要是围填海活动、侵蚀与淤积作用、内外力复合作用.[结论]该研究结果可为滨海湿地资源保护、合理开发利用及管理提供数据和决策依据.%[Objective] To investigate the status of coastal wetland resources in Liaodong Bay and its driving factors.[Method] Based on Landsat-8 satellite data in 2014, TH 01-01 satellite data and ZY-3 satellite data in 2013, using remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, combined with field investigation on coastal wetland, the types, area and spatial distribution of coastal wetland in Liaodong Bay were extracted.On this basis, the driving forces for the distribution of resources were analyzed by using the data of RS survey in 1986 and 2000.[Result] The area of coastal wetland in Liaodong Bay was 4.22×105 hm2.The areas of natural coastal wetland and artificial coastal wetland were 3.62×105 and 0.60×105 hm2 respectively, which took 86% and 14% of total area of coastal wetlands in Liaodong Bay respectively.Muddy tidal flats mainly distributed between the estuary of Xiaolinghe River and Xiwaizi Village of Tuanshan Street in Gaizhou City.Seepweed and reed mainly distributed between the estuary of Xiaolinghe River and the estuary of Liaohe River, showing the sporadic scattered distribution.Aquaculture pool, beach and ponds distributed in the whole research region.And breeding, pond, etc all have distribution in the region.Salt field mainly distributed in Changxing Island and its surrounding regions.The main driving factors that influenced the distribution of coastal wetland resources in Liaodong Bay were reclamation activities, erosion and sedimentation and composite actions.[Conclusion] The research results can provide data and decision-making basis for protection,reasonable development,utilization and management of coastal wetland resources.