不同生长阶段野生和养殖大刺鳅营养成分的比较

摘要

[Objective]To discuss the nutritional demands of wild and cultured Mastacembelus armatus in different growth stages.[Method] Using national standard biochemical analysis methods,the general nutritional components,the composition of amino acids,fatty acids in wild and cultured M.armatus in juvenile stage,sexual immature stage and adult stage were compared.[Result]The contents of moisture and cal-cium in the muscles of wild and cultured M.armatus from juvenile stage to adult stage decreased,and those in wild population were higher than those in cultured population.The contents of crude protein, crude fat and phosphorus increased,and the contents of crude protein and phos-phorus in cultured M.armatus were higher than those in wild population.The amino acid composition in wild and cultured M.armatus in three growth stages were consistent, which contained 17 kinds of amino acids, essential amino acid index were 93.19, 97.59, 96.41 and 96.25,92.36 and 95.88 respectively.The total amount of delicious amino acids in cultured M.armatus was higher than that in wild popula-tion.Fatty acid contents varied greatly in different growth stages, wild and cultured M.armatus in juvenile stage, sexual immature stage and adult stage contained a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, which took 52.17%, 68.75%, 69.23% and 75.34%, 74.67%, 74.25% in total fatty acids respectively.[Conclusion]Wild and cultured M.armatus had higher content of protein, abundant amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, with higher nutritional and edible values.And nutritional value of muscles in cultured population was better than that in wild population.%[目的]探讨野生和养殖大刺鳅不同生长阶段的营养需求.[方法]采用国标生化分析方法对野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼期、性未成熟期和成鱼期的一般营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行比较.[结果]野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼和成鱼肌肉中的水分、钙含量呈下降趋势,野生大刺鳅均高于养殖大刺鳅;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷含量均呈增加趋势,养殖大刺鳅的粗蛋白和磷含量均高于野生大刺鳅.野生和养殖大刺鳅3个生长阶段肌肉中氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为93.19、97.59、96.41和96.25、92.36、95.88,养殖大刺鳅的鲜味氨基酸总量均高于野生群体.脂肪酸含量在不同生长阶段变动较大,野生和养殖大刺鳅的幼鱼期、性未成熟期、成鱼期均含有较高比例的不饱和脂肪酸,其含量分别占脂肪酸总量的52.17%、68.75%、69.23%和75.34%、74.67%、74.25%.[结论]野生与养殖大刺鳅蛋白质含量较高,均含有丰富的氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养与食用价值.养殖大刺鳅的肌肉营养价值优于野生大刺鳅.