为培育突破性小麦新品种及丰富育种理论，本研究解析了‘尧麦16’的高产、稳产、广适、耐寒、节水、优质及抗虫特性。统计分析数年国家区试、生产试验数据及品种推广实打产量，同时进行产量因素、节水栽培、抗虫抗寒、谷物化学等方法鉴定。结果表明，‘尧麦16’丰产性、稳产性较好，平均产量比对照品种‘石4185’增产5.73%~11.07%，增产点率85.7%~100.0%；该品种成穗数543.0万穗/hm2~862.5万穗/hm2，穗粒数36粒左右，千粒重40 g，产量三因素协调。‘尧麦16’穗数多，根系发达、生长繁茂，灌浆中后期功能叶耐热性极强，叶片衰老速度慢，‘尧麦16’为水地、肥旱地兼用型高产小麦新品种。籽粒玻璃质，面筋强度中等偏强、面粉品质佳，为面条和馒头兼用型品质。‘尧麦16’抗麦红吸浆虫，抗寒耐热。‘尧麦16’是穗、粒、重协调增长型节水高产小麦新品种。%In order to breed new wheat varieties and enrich the breeding theory, the authors analyzed high yield, stable yield, wide adaptability, cold resistance, water saving, excellent quality and wheat midge resistance of wheat variety‘Yaomai16’. The data from the national winter wheat test of the northern part of the Huanghuai region and production experiments were analyzed. At the same time, the yield factors, water saving cultivation, resistance to insects and cold, grain chemistry and other methods were identified. The results showed that,‘Yaomai16’had high and stable yield, which was 5.73%-11.07%higher than that of the control cultivar‘Shi 4185’, and the increased yield point was 85.7%-100.0%. Three yield factors were coordinated, of which the spike number was 543.0 × 104/hm2-862.5 × 104/hm2, spikes per ear were about 36, and 1000-grain weight was 40 g.‘Yaomai16’had high panicle number, developed root system, luxuriant growth. The heat resistance of the functional leaf during the later grouting was strong, and leaf senescence was slow.‘Yaomai16’ was a new variety with high yield which was adaptable to both flood and fertile drought soil. It was characterized with vitreous grain, medium strong gluten strength, and excellent flour quality, and was suitable for making Chinese noodles and steamed bread.‘Yaomai16’had resistance to wheat midge, cold and heat, and was a new wheat variety with spike, grain and weight coordinated growth, water saving and high yield.
展开▼
