摘要：
Sugarcane is the world's most important sugar producing crop. However, during recent years, sugarcane quality and yield were heavily influenced by serious insect pest attack. In order to combat this insect pest attack, insect resistant transgenic sugarcane breeding, an effective insect pest prevention method, was adopted by many sugarcane breeding faculties. In recent years, larger sugarcane producing faculties in the United States, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Cuba, Thailand, India, Singapore, and China began to carry out insect resistant transgenic sugarcane breeding researches; the researches mainly concentrated on screening transgenic sugarcane materials with iff gene, GNA gene, and PI gene. Through these already conducted researches, a batch of transgenic sugarcane materials was obtained viz., CrylA (b)transgenic plants anti stem borer and Chilo infuscatellus, GNA transgenic sugarcane plants anti aphid, PI transgenic sugarcane plants anti white moth, GNA and Pi II transgenic sugarcane clones G87 and UP87 inhibiting grub larval growth, and 600 accessions of crylC* transgenic sugarcane clones. On the other hand, the physiology, insect resistance, and agronomic traits of Bt transgenic sugarcane plants were also researched. Since researches on insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane began only recently, insect-resistant gene sources and knowledge on the intellectual property protection rights were restricted, resuting in relatively slow research progress, so excellent insect-resistant transgenic sugarcane varieties have not yet been bred. In the future, various factors affecting gene expression, such as the integration, genetic expression characteristics, methylation modification of exogenous gene in generation of transgenic sugarcane clones, etc., should be furtherly studied in order to enhance the inheritance and expression stability of exogenous gene in sugarcane clones. Moreover, the transgenic sugarcane resistance mechanism was also comprehensively analyzed in order to select stable hereditary and excellent resistance sugarcane varieties to provide theoretical bas and germplasm resources for breeding sugarcane varieties.%甘蔗是世界最重要的糖料作物,但日益严重的虫害给甘蔗产量及品质造成了重大损失.目前甘蔗抗虫转基因育种已成为甘蔗抗虫育种最有效的途径之一.近年来,美国、澳大利亚、巴西、南非、古巴、泰国、印度、新加坡、中国及一些国际大型公司等都相继开展了甘蔗抗虫转基因研究,主要集中于转Bt基因、GNA基因、PI基因等甘蔗材料的筛选,并获得一批抗蔗茎螟的CryIA(b)转化植株、抗Chilo infuscatellus的转Cry1Ab基因甘蔗植株、抗绵蚜的转CNA基因甘蔗植株、抗甘蔗白螟的转PI基因甘蔗植株、抑制蛴螬幼虫生长的转PiⅡ和GNA基因甘蔗无性系G87、UP87及600多份转cry1C*基因甘蔗无性系,部分学者还对转Bt基因甘蔗植株的生理、抗虫性和农艺性状进行了研究.由于抗虫转基因甘蔗研究起步晚,受抗虫基因来源及知识产权保护等方面的限制,其研究进展缓慢,目前尚未培育出优良的甘蔗抗虫品种并推广种植.今后需对外源基因在转基因甘蔗无性后代中的整合、遗传表达特性及甲基化修饰等影响表达的各种因素进行综合研究,提高外源基因在甘蔗无性繁殖中遗传和表达的稳定性;此外,还需对抗虫转基因甘蔗的抗虫机理进行系统、深入的研究,为筛选出优良的、稳定遗传的抗虫甘蔗品种并在生产中推广应用提供理论依据和育种材料.
