为了有效防控甘薯茎基部腐烂病害,2012—2016年开展其病原菌鉴定、发病规律调查和防控试验.结果表明:引起台州及其周边地区甘薯茎基部腐烂病的病害有:甘薯白绢病(Sclerotium rolfsii)、甘薯茎枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、甘薯茎腐病(Dickeya dadantii),以及以病原菌Fusarium solani引起的甘薯茎基部腐烂病害;试验病区甘薯发病是以病原菌Fusarium solani引起的甘薯茎基部腐烂病害为主,该病害多在6月底7月初始发,8—9月雨水多湿度大的情况下盛发,严重的产量损失达50%以上甚至绝收;不同耕作制、脱毒苗扦插、地膜覆盖和施有机肥等农业防控措施都不能降低发病率和产量损失,而推迟甘薯扦插期至6月底则可在一定程度上降低发病率,减轻其为害损失;抗病育种已筛选到了抗病材料YA3008;药剂试验筛选到的32.5%阿米妙收对病害有一定的防治效果.综合5年来的试验研究结果认为,防控甘薯茎基部腐烂病的策略、途径是采取以选育与应用抗病品种为基础,以农业防控和化学防控为辅助的综合防控措施.%In order to effectively prevent and control the stem rot disease of sweet potato, the authors carried out the pathogenic bacteria identification, occurrence regularity investigation and prevention and control tests on stem rot disease of sweet potato from 2012 to 2016. The results showed that:Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Dickeya dadantii and Fusarium solani worked together to cause sweet potato stem rot in Taizhou and its surrounding area;it was also found that:in the test area, the biggest trouble with sweet potato was its stem rot mainly caused by Fusarium solanian which usually appeared at the end of June or at the beginning of July and became more serious in August and September when it rained much, making output loss of more than 50%or even no harvest; such prevention and control measures as different cultivation system, virus-free cuttings, plastic mulch and organic fertilizer failed to reduce the incidence rate and output losses, but postponing cutting period till the end of June could reduce the incidence rate and the losses to some extent; meanwhile, as for disease-resistant breeding, Zhejiang Sweet Potato 38 (also called YA3008) as a new disease-resistant new product was found;32.5%amistar top SC selected by potion synthesis had an effect on prevention and control of the disease. The comprehensive test results showed that: the strategies for preventing and controlling the stem rot disease of sweet potato should be based on the selection and application of disease-resistant variety and assisted by comprehensive measures combining agricultural control with chemical control.
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