吸水保水功能高分子在缓释肥料上的应用

摘要

水分和养分是作物赖以生长的物质基础，我国水资源日益短缺，肥料利用率普遍偏较低，吸水保水高分子可以有效地改善水肥效率。鉴于以上原因，采用吸水保水高分子制备具有吸水保水性能及缓释性能的功能肥料来提高水肥利用率是非常重要的。具有吸水和保水功能的高分子能够提高作物抗旱性和肥料缓释性能。肥料与吸水高分子复合一体化使用可以有效调控水肥利用率，该技术是肥料研究的国际前沿。对保水剂的类型、化肥与保水剂复合方式与工艺及保水剂应用的水肥效应进行综述，对吸水保水高分子研究状况、合成方法、存在的不足及以后的具体研究方向进行讨论分析。%Water and nutrients play a vital role for plant growth, water resources shortage and lower fertilizer use efficiency is common in our country. In view of the above reasons, synthesis of slow release and functional fertilizer use water absorption and water retention polymers is important to improve the efficiency of nutrients and water. Water preserving and slow-release fertilize is a new kind of functional fertilize which can control the release of nutrient elements and preservation of water at the same time. Using the hydro-gels compared with fertilizers can enhance the efficiency of fertilizer and soil water, and this technique is frostier in international fertilizer research.In the article, a review of the type of hydro-gels, the composite technologies of fertilizer with hydro-gels and the interactive effects of water and nutrients of hydro-gels were given, the synthesis method, problems and development trends of water absorption and retention polymers were also analyzed.