白鹤在鄱阳湖越冬生境特性及其对湖水位变化的响应

摘要

鄱阳湖是世界上重要的白鹤越冬栖息地,白鹤越冬主要集中在鄱阳湖国家级自然保护区。从保护区地形地貌和气象水文特征分析入手,研究了这一区域的湿地植物生态系统的结构和白鹤越冬期的生境与取食情况。结果表明,保护区的浅碟形湖生物多样性丰富,对白鹤在鄱阳湖越冬具有重要意义;碟形湖保持适当水深、并缓慢下降是影响取食歇息的重要条件;食物丰富性与取食可及性是白鹤选择取食地的重要因素;辽阔的水域、较好的水环境和适宜的水深是白鹤越冬的基本前提。白鹤在鄱阳湖越冬与鄱阳湖水位变化及湿地生态系统的结构和演变相适应,对鄱阳湖水位极端变化具有一定的调节能力,但这种能力较为有限。%Poyang Lake International Wetland Protectorate is the world′s major habitat for white cranes to live through the winter.The characteristics of wetland ecosystem in of Poyang Lake International Wetland Protectorate and habitat and feeding conditions of white cranes to live through the winter have studied based on the analysis of topography and hydrologic processes in this paper.The results show that rich biodiversity in shallow lake located in beeches is very important on white cranes to live through the winter in Poyang Lake,affection of Poyang Lake water level changes is very important conditions for white cranes feeding,the food richness and feeding availability for the white cranes is important factor to select crane′s habitat,the vast waters,the good water environment and the suitable water depth is the basic premise.That the white cranes live though the winter in Poyang Lake adapts to the water level changing in the lake and the structure and developing of wetland ecosystem.The white cranes have certain regulation ability for extreme change of the water level in the lake,but this ability is very limiled.