黑粒小麦宁0726种皮颜色的遗传分析

摘要

Black-grained wheat is a type of special germplasm with special values in nutrition. Understanding the ge-netic pattern of its grain coat color is helpful for developing new black-grained wheat varieties and creating germplasm. Ning 0726, a wheat mutant with purple grain coat obtained from the cross Su2051 and Zhengmai 9023, was crossed with three red-grained wheat varieties (Yangmai 11, Ningmai 8 and Ning 0775) and two white-grained wheat varieties (Huaimai 18 and Yumai 50) to study the inheritance of grain coat color through F1 , F2 , and F2 : 3 segregations. The results showed that the maternal inheritance of purple grain coat color, was controlled by nuclear genes, and the purple color was dominant to red or white. The purple grain coat color was controlled by two pairs of dominant and complementary genes, which was veri-fied by the segregation ratio of nine ( purple) to seven ( non purple) in F2 : 3 generation. The dosage effect for purple genes was also found based on the color difference in F2 : 3 generation individuals. Developing black-grained wheat variety through intervarietal hybridization was feasible.%为分析黑粒小麦种皮颜色的遗传特性，以普通小麦苏2051与郑麦9023杂交组合中筛选获得的种皮颜色为深紫色的突变体小麦品系宁0726为材料，分别与3个红粒小麦和2个白粒小麦配制了10个正反交组合，观察F1、F2及F2：3代种皮颜色，并分析其遗传。结果显示，小麦种皮紫色性状表现为母性影响，由细胞核基因所决定，紫色对红色和白色呈显性。宁0726与红粒及白粒小麦杂交的F2：3代种皮颜色，均符合9(紫)：7(红或白)分离规律，说明紫色种皮受2对显性互补基因控制；同一组合的F2：3代各紫粒单株间紫色有深浅之分，说明这2对显性互补基因还具有剂量效应。利用黑粒小麦与红粒或白粒小麦品种间杂交，可以创制黑粒小麦新种质。