藏羊EPO基因遗传多样性与高原低氧适应性

摘要

To identify the special mechanism of animals adapting to high altitude hypoxia, wild argali and Oula Ti-betan sheep jugular blood were collected to measure the blood parameters and analyze, the polymorphism of erythropoietin ( EPO) . There were 6 effective nucleotide variations in EPO of Tibetan sheep populations. In wild argali and Oula Tibetan sheep, the nucleotide variations were 4 and 6, the average haplotype variations were 1. 527 and 1. 312, and the nucleotide diversities were 0. 001 1 and 0. 001 0, respectively, indicating that the Tibetan sheep EPO gene is more conservative. Hap-4, a dominant haplotype in wild argali, tended to own more red blood cells, higher hemoglobin content and lower corpuscular hematocrit, which were responsible for the in-crease of the blood oxygen carrying capacity and the reduc-tion of blood viscosity. This mechanism can help to reduce the workload on heart, promote blood circulation, and im-prove oxygen transport efficiency for Tibetan sheep to adapt to high altitude hypoxic environment.%为探索高原动物适应低氧环境的特殊机制,采集野生盘羊和欧拉型藏羊颈静脉血液,测定血液指标,并对EPO基因遗传多样性进行分析。通过检测发现藏羊群体部分EPO基因存在6个核苷酸变异。野生盘羊和欧拉型藏羊的核苷酸变异数分别为4个和6个,单倍型变异平均数分别为1.527和1.312,核苷酸多样性分别为0.0011和0.0010,说明藏羊EPO基因比较保守。野生盘羊优势单倍型Hap-4具有提高红细胞数和血红蛋白含量,而降低红细胞平均体积的趋势。红细胞数和血红蛋白含量的增加提高了盘羊血液携氧能力,红细胞平均体积的降低减小了血液黏稠度,有利于减轻心脏负担,促进血液循环,提高氧运输效率,对藏羊适应高海拔地区的高原低氧环境具有积极作用。