钵苗机插水稻茎秆的抗倒伏能力

摘要

水稻钵苗机插较毯苗机插增产优势明显，研究其抗倒伏特性可为水稻钵苗机插高产栽培提供理论指导。试验以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、籼型杂交稻及常规粳稻为材料，通过与毯苗机插水稻对比，研究钵苗机插水稻茎秆的抗倒伏特征。结果表明，不同机插方式水稻间抗倒伏能力差异显著，茎秆倒伏指数表现为钵苗机插毯苗机插。钵苗机插水稻相对重心高度稍低，抽穗期、成熟期单茎干物质和单穗质量大。钵苗机插水稻基部1~3节间长度短，粗度、节间干质量和单位干质量大。相关分析结果表明，抗折力、弯曲力矩与倒伏指数呈极显著负相关，基部1~4节间的抗折力与株高、重心高度、节间粗度、节间干质量、单位节间干质量、单茎干质量、单茎叶鞘干质量及弯曲力矩呈显著或极显著正相关，与相对重心高度呈极显著负相关。钵苗机插水稻茎秆粗壮，基部节间抗折力大，抗倒伏能力强。%The bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice had higher yield than the blanket seedling mechanical transplanting rice, so it’ s important to study the lodging resistance characteristics of the bowl seedling mechanical-trans-planting rice for providing the theoretical guidance for high yield cultivation. The experiments used indica/japonica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice, indica hybrid rice and conventional japonica rice as materials. By comparing with the blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice, the lodging resistance of the bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice was stud-ied. The results showed that the differences of culm lodging resistance between two transplanting treatments were very sig-nificant. The lodging index of the bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice was inferior to blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice, however, the breaking force ( BF ) of the basal four internodes, bending moment ( BM) and the lodging resistance were higher than blanket seedling me-chanical transplanting rice. And the bowl seedling me-chanical transplanting rice had slightly lower ratio of gravi-ty center height to plant height, heavier dry weight of stem and single panicle weight at the heading stage and the mat-uration stage. Compared with blanket seedling mechanical-transplanting rice, the length of the 1st-3rd basal internodes of bowl seedling mechanical-transplanting rice was shorter, and culm diameter, dry weight of the internodes and dry weight per unit internode were higher. The results of correlation analy-sis showed that the breaking resistance had very significantly negative correlation with lodging index. The breaking resist-ance of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th internode had very significantly or significantly positive correlation with plant height, gravity center height, wall thickness, dry weight of culm, dry weight of leaf sheath, dry weight of unit internode and bending mo-ment, and had very significantly negative correlation with the ratio of gravity center height to plant height. The bowl seed-ling mechanical-transplanting rice had stronger culm, so it had stronger stem lodging resistance.