水稻穴盘精播钵苗机插秧技术的研究

摘要

Objective] In order to cultivate seedlings that are adaptable to farming system and transplanter, the technology for transplanting potted-tray grown rice seedlings with machine was introduced and studied. [Method] The transplanter-spe-cific seedlings were cultivated with potted-tray, bowl-shaped blanket tray and soft plastic flat plate respectively. The seeding rate and 20-50-day-old seedling height were investigated for the 3 sowing patterns. After the transplanting, the missing transplanting rate, upright seedling rate, seedling injury rate and green-returning pe-riod were investigated. [Result] Nursing seedlings with potted-tray had the advan-tages of saving seeds, high sowing precision, high seedling rate and high seedling rate. The 20-40-day-old seedlings had relatively high leaf age, seedling height and root number. However, 40 d after the transplanting, the growth of seedlings was slowed. The quality difference was smal est among the 20-day-old seedlings that were nursed with 3 different patterns, but since then the quality advantage of pot-ted-tray grown seedlings had been more and more prominent. There was smal dif-ference in quality among the 30-day-old seedlings. However, for the seedlings that were older than 40 d, the transplanting quality of potted-tray grown seedlings was higher than that of bowl-shaped blanket tray grown seedlings and soft plastic flat plate grown seedlings. In addition, the green-returning period of the potted-tray grown seedlings was significantly shortened. [Conclusion] Compared to the bowl-shaped blanket tray grown seedlings and soft plastic flat plate grown seedlings, the potted-tray grown seedlings were more suitable to transplant by machine in the wheat-rice double cropping areas of Chengdu Plain.%[目的]培育适应种植制度特点又适应插秧机作业的秧苗，引进穴盘精播钵苗机插秧技术进行研究。[方法]采用钵苗穴盘、钵形毯状盘、塑料软平盘培育机插秧秧苗，比较了3种方式的播种量、20～50 d的苗高以及插秧后的漏插率、直立苗率、伤秧率、返青期等数据。[结果]采用钵苗穴盘育秧，具有节省种子、播种精度、出苗率、成苗率高等优点。在20～40 d，叶龄、苗高、根数均较高，40 d以后，生长延缓。20 d时秧苗质量差异小，此后，钵苗穴盘秧苗质量优势逐渐突出。30 d时，插秧质量差异不大；但40 d之后，插秧质量高于钵形毯状盘、塑料软平盘育秧，且返青期明显缩短。[结论]与钵形毯状盘、塑料软平盘培育机插秧秧苗相比，穴盘精播钵苗机插秧技术更适宜于成都平原稻麦两熟种植制度区域。