施氮量对不同株型水稻产量及穗部性状的影响

摘要

选用穗型直立的紧凑型品种沈农07425和穗型弯曲的松散型品种秋光为材料，研究了施氮量对不同株型水稻品种产量及穗部性状的影响。在一定范围内，随着施氮量的提高，紧凑型品种沈农07425和松散型品种秋光的产量增加，因此可以适当增大两品种的氮肥施用量至375�28 kg／hm2。氮肥对两株型品种有效穗数的影响均达显著水平，品种间差异极显著，有效穗数的大小次序为高氮处理＞中氮处理＞低氮处理；两株型品种间结实率差异显著，每穗粒数、千粒质量差异极显著。穗质量、一次枝梗数、一次枝梗穗粒数、二次枝梗数、二次枝梗穗粒数和二次枝梗结实率两品种间差异显著。表明，不同施氮量下紧凑型品种沈农07425较大的穗长、穗质量、一次枝梗穗粒数和二次枝梗数导致了其产量的提高，松散型品种秋光较高的穗长、一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗数和二次枝梗结实率是其增产的主要原因。%The compact rice Shennong 07425 with erect panicle and the loose rice Akihikari with curved panicle were used to study the effect of nitrogen application on yield and panicle traits of rice varieties with different plant types.The main results are as follows. Grain yield of Shennong 07425 and Akihikari increased significantly with the growing nitrogen level, suggesting that the nitrogen application of two varieties could be increased appropriately to 375�28 kg/hm2 or more. The panicle numbers of both varieties were significantly increased by nitrogen application rates in the order of high nitrogen>middle nitrogen>low nitrogen. Seed setting rate, grain number per panicle and 1 000⁃grain weight differred significantly be⁃tween the two varieties, as well as panicle weight, number of primary branch, grains in primary branch, number of second⁃ary branches, grains in secondary branch, and seed setting rate of secondary branch. The long and heavy panicle the great number of grains in primary branch and secondary branches of Shennong 07425 led to its high yield, while long panicle, high seed setting rate of primary branch, great number of secondary branches and high seed setting rate of the secondary branch of Akihikari contributed to the high production.