不同作物-香蕉轮作对香蕉生产及土壤肥力质量的影响

摘要

In this experiment, the banana continuous cropping treatment was set as control (B), and the other treatments were banana-pepper rotation(B-PE),banana-sugarcane rotation(B-S),banana-wax gourd rotation(B-W) and banana-pumpkin rotation (B-PU). The incidence and fertility quality of soil were measured during the bud extraction stage of banana. The plant growth index and fruit quality index were measured during the harvest stage. The results showed that, compared with that in the banana continuous cropping treatment (B), the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt disease was significantly reduced in banana-pepper, banana-sugarcane and banana-wax gourd rotation treatments,and the control rate ranged from 66.62% to 75.35%. These three treat-ments significantly promoted the growth of bananas. Com-pared with the control(B),their plant height increased by 36.76%-41.80%, stem girth increased by 28.22%-38. 42%,and yield increased by 23.17%-45.61%. The corre-lation analysis results showed that the quantity of cultur-able bacteria, available phosphorus content and pH value were negatively correlated with the quantity of culturable Fusarium oxysporum. The principal component analysis (PCoA) and multiple regression tree analysis (MRT) showed that the distribution of banana continuous cropping (B) and banana-pumpkin rotation treatment (B-PU) was similar in soil fertility quality,pepper-banana,sugarcane-banana and wax gourd-banana rotation treatments(B-PE,B-S,B-W) were similar in soil fertility quality after tillage. Therefore,banana-pepper, banana-sugarcane and banana-wax gourd rotation treatments (B-PE,B-S and B-W) can significantly increase the yield of fruit,improve the soil fertility quality and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of banana.%以香蕉连作(B)、辣椒-香蕉轮作(B-PE)、甘蔗-香蕉轮作(B-S)、冬瓜-香蕉轮作(B-W)和南瓜-香蕉轮作(B-PU)5个系统为对象,研究了海南岛北部不同作物轮作后对再植香蕉产量、品质、发病率和土壤肥力质量等方面的影响.结果表明:(1)与香蕉连作对照B相比,轮作辣椒、甘蔗和冬瓜后再植香蕉(B-PE、B-S、B-W)均能显著降低香蕉枯萎病发病率(枯萎病防控率达到66.62%～75.41%),促进香蕉生长(株高增加36.76%～41.80%,茎围增加28.22%～38.42%),产量提高23.17%～45.61%;(2)相关性分析结果显示各处理土壤的pH值、速效磷含量和可培养细菌数量均与可培养尖孢镰刀菌数量呈显著负相关关系;(3) 主坐标分析(PCoA)和多元回归树分析(MRT)结果均显示,轮作辣椒、甘蔗和冬瓜后再植香蕉(B-PE、B-S、B-W)处理间的土壤肥力质量相近,轮作南瓜后再植香蕉(B-PU)处理和香蕉连作处理的土壤肥力质量相近.可见,辣椒-香蕉、甘蔗-香蕉和冬瓜-香蕉轮作处理(B-PE、B-S、B-W)均能提高香蕉产量,改善土壤肥力质量,对香蕉连作障碍有缓解作用.