日本农业发展的困境及政策调整

摘要

日本农业发展一直以高关税、高补贴著称，尽管政权更迭，这一政策取向基本保持不变。但是随着国内外政治经济环境的变化，其农业政策也在不断进行调整、修正和补充。近年来，日本出生率下降、人口老龄化问题日益严重，农业劳动力减少，加之耕地面积降低，以及跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系(TPP)协议对农业影响的不确定性，日本农业政策亟需调整。2015年日本出台了新的《食品、农业与农村地区基本规划》，对今后5~10年的农业发展进行了规划。文章将以此为基础分析日本农业发展面临的困境，并简要介绍日本新的农业政策。%The development of agriculture in Japan has always been famous for its high tariffs and high sub-sidies.Despite the change of regime,the policy orientation has remained essentially unchanged.But with the changes of the political and economic environment at home and abroad,the agricultural policies are con-stantly adjusted,modified and supplemented.In recent years,Japan’s declining birth rates,population aging problem are becoming more and more serious,the reduction of agricultural labor force,the declining of farmland area,and the uncertain effect of TPP on agriculture,Japan’s agriculture policy is badly in need of adjusted.Japan introduced a new Basic Plan for Food,Agriculture and Rural Areas in 2015,which illustra-ted the agricultural development planning for the next 5-10 years.Based on this,this paper analyzes the di-lemma of agricultural development in Japan and briefly introduces the new basis plan.